Since 2017 more than 730,000 Rohingya have fled to neighboring Bangladesh since the military campaign of ethnic cleansing began in August 2017. The Rohingya people are an ethnic Muslim minority in Myanmar, a predominantly Buddhist country. The people are said to have descended from Arab traders. They have long been subject to alienation and hate, they have been denied citizenship and in 2014 they were excluded from the census as the country refused to even recognize their presence in the country. The exodus began on 25 August 2017 after Rohingya Arsa militants launched deadly attacks on more than 30 police posts. The mass exodus of the Rohingya occurred after Rohingya Arsa militants attacked 30 police posts. This incited violence and chaos and in the following month at t least 6,700 Rohingya, including at least 730 children under the age of five, were killed. Amnesty International says the Myanmar military also raped and abused Rohingya women and girls. Rohingya villages were entirely burned down, an estimated 288 villages were partially or totally destroyed by fire in northern Rakhine state after August 2017, while neighboring Rakhine villages were left intact. Clearly showing the intentions of the Myanmar majority.

The government denied extensive evidence of atrocities, refused to allow independent investigators access to Rakhine State, and punished local journalists for reporting on military abuses.The army in Myanmar has said it was fighting Rohingya militants and denies targeting civilians.
In August 2018 , a United Nations-mandated fact-finding mission found that the military abuses committed in Kachin, Rakhine, and Shan States since 2011 “undoubtedly amount to the gravest crimes under international law,” and called for senior military officials to be investigated and prosecuted for genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. In January 2020, the UN's top court ordered the Buddhist-majority country to take measures to protect members of its Rohingya community from genocide.
Today more than half a million Rohingya are believed to still be living in Myanmar's northern Rakhine province, UN investigators have warned there is a "serious risk that genocidal actions may occur or recur".
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